SUDERSHAN BASNET

Principles of Good Governance Generally, good governance has been attributed mutually inclusiveness and re-enforcing eight major characteristics. These not only provide structure but also instruments of ensuring good governance. These are: participation, rule of law, transparency, responsiveness, consensus oriented, equity and inclusiveness effectiveness and efficiency and accountability (UNDP-1997) Participation Representative democracy preserves every citizen's rights to participate in the management of public affairs regardless of caste tribes, language, religion and ethnicity. It also emphasizes on participation of both men and women in society's affairs. It not only calls of freedom of expression and association but also calls for providing opportunity and power to participate in and influence decision making functions of the government at all levels. Rule of Law Good governance must run in accordance with law. To prove guarantee of rule of law, jud

Definition of Decentralization Various scholars define decentralization in their own ways: L.D. White: "The transfer of powers of administrative authority from lower to higher level of government is called centralization and covers decentralization." Chamber's Twentieth Century Dictionary defines: "Decentralization is the process of transferring the functions a central government to the local."  M.P. Sharma defines: " The fewer subordinate centers decision on organization has the more centralization there would be." Dwight Waldo opines: "In centralized administration, the co-ordination is at top with resulting delays, jealousies and jurisdictional disputes. In decentralized administration, the aim is to create a whole purpose, personalities and instrumentalists which is greater than the sum of the various constituent elements." Cheema and Rodinelli define: "Decentralization refers to transfer of

What is research process ? Broadly, a research process is very similar to undertaking a journey. Suppose you want to go out for a drive. Before you star, you must decide where you want to go and then which route to take. If you know the route, you do not need to consult a map but, if you do not know the route then you need to use a map. Your problem is compounded if there is more than one route. You need to decide which one to take. Similarly, for a research journey there are also two important decisions to make. The first is decide what you want to find out about or in other words, what research questions you want to find answers to. Having decided upon your research questions or research problems, you then need to decide how to go about finding their answers. The path to finding answer of research questions constitutes research methodology. Just as there are sign posts along the way as you travel to your destination, so there are practical steps through which you must pass o