SUDERSHAN BASNET

Principles of Good Governance Generally, good governance has been attributed mutually inclusiveness and re-enforcing eight major characteristics. These not only provide structure but also instruments of ensuring good governance. These are: participation, rule of law, transparency, responsiveness, consensus oriented, equity and inclusiveness effectiveness and efficiency and accountability (UNDP-1997) Participation Representative democracy preserves every citizen's rights to participate in the management of public affairs regardless of caste tribes, language, religion and ethnicity. It also emphasizes on participation of both men and women in society's affairs. It not only calls of freedom of expression and association but also calls for providing opportunity and power to participate in and influence decision making functions of the government at all levels. Rule of Law Good governance must run in accordance with law. To prove guarantee of rule of law, jud

Definition of Decentralization Various scholars define decentralization in their own ways: L.D. White: "The transfer of powers of administrative authority from lower to higher level of government is called centralization and covers decentralization." Chamber's Twentieth Century Dictionary defines: "Decentralization is the process of transferring the functions a central government to the local."  M.P. Sharma defines: " The fewer subordinate centers decision on organization has the more centralization there would be." Dwight Waldo opines: "In centralized administration, the co-ordination is at top with resulting delays, jealousies and jurisdictional disputes. In decentralized administration, the aim is to create a whole purpose, personalities and instrumentalists which is greater than the sum of the various constituent elements." Cheema and Rodinelli define: "Decentralization refers to transfer of

What is research process ? Broadly, a research process is very similar to undertaking a journey. Suppose you want to go out for a drive. Before you star, you must decide where you want to go and then which route to take. If you know the route, you do not need to consult a map but, if you do not know the route then you need to use a map. Your problem is compounded if there is more than one route. You need to decide which one to take. Similarly, for a research journey there are also two important decisions to make. The first is decide what you want to find out about or in other words, what research questions you want to find answers to. Having decided upon your research questions or research problems, you then need to decide how to go about finding their answers. The path to finding answer of research questions constitutes research methodology. Just as there are sign posts along the way as you travel to your destination, so there are practical steps through which you must pass o

Inductive and Deductive Approach in Research Inductive Approach  Once an enough amount data have been collected,researcher will then take a breather from data collection, stepping back to get a birds eye view of data. At this stage, the researcher looks for patterns in the data, working to develop a theory that would explain those patterns. Thus, when researcher take an inductive approach they start with a set of observations and then move from those particular experiences to a more general set of those experiences.In general terms, inductive approach move from data to theory, or from the specific to the general.  For example; - Ram is a smoker and  he has lung cancer. - Hari is a smoker and he has lung cancer. - Sita is a smoker and she has lung cancer. So, we can conclude that lung cancer is caused by smoking. Deductive Approach In deductive approach, researchers take the step described earlier for inductive research and reserve their order. They start with a soc

Approaches in Community Development  Although our definition of community work includes a variety wide of purpose  and programs, they are implemented through only two basic approaches. Directive Approach   - The directive approach is more common. - Directive approach  itself decides  - The decision of directive approach makes decision of which is for the betterment of people itself. - The agencies will then provide whatever staff equipment, premises and programs are needed to           meet the needs and interest of people. - It wish to help themselves whenever some activities are provided. - It is the essence of this approach that the agency and it's worker think, decide, pan, organize,              administer and provide for people."Always the initiative and the final say, remain them." - Many of those who are attracted to these kind of program they may not only recent but even welcome directive advice and guidance from someone who have learne

Small Market Town can enhance the rural development. With reference to rural development in Nepal . Presented by: Sudershan Basnet (This paper presents the importance of small market town which enhances the rural areas for the betterment of their people. Small market town can be an effective tool in rural development. Before talking its importance, here we have mentioned some related terminology, data, definition and supportive information which are used in.) What is market town mean? Market town   is a  legal  term, originating in the  Middle Ages , for a  European   settlement  that has the right to host  markets , distinguishing it from a  village  and  city . A  town  may be correctly described as a "market town" or as having "market rights", even if it no longer holds a market, provided the legal right to do so still exist. According to Cambridge dictionary market town defined as a  small   town  in the  countryside ,  especially  in  Europe ,