Economic Development

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Social Work as an independent discipline

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Social Work is an independent social science: As an independent science it has its own different kind of social field, frontier, history, philosophy, knowledge, principles, code of ethics, values, systems, tools, techniques, and methods. And it’s not a branch of any other sciences. The subject matter of this discipline is concerned with interaction between people and their environment which affects the ability of people to accomplish their life tasks, alleviate distress, and realize their aspirations and values. As a social science, it has scientific methods to deal with social problem related to individual, family, group and community. The Social Work has its’ own characteristics and due to its distinct characteristics, the Social Work known as independent discipline. The major characteristics are mentioned below with the ideas of Farkey O. William. A)     Focus in on the wholeness and totality of the person; (Need to understand about person and his/her surroun...
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Approaches in Community Development

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Approaches in Community Development  Although our definition of community work includes a variety wide of purpose  and programs, they are implemented through only two basic approaches. Directive Approach   - The directive approach is more common. - Directive approach  itself decides  - The decision of directive approach makes decision of which is for the betterment of people itself. - The agencies will then provide whatever staff equipment, premises and programs are needed to           meet the needs and interest of people. - It wish to help themselves whenever some activities are provided. - It is the essence of this approach that the agency and it's worker think, decide, pan, organize,              administer and provide for people."Always the initiative and the final say, remain them." - Many of those who are attracted to these kind of program they may not only recent ...
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Decentralization And Forms of Decentralization

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Definition of Decentralization Various scholars define decentralization in their own ways: L.D. White: "The transfer of powers of administrative authority from lower to higher level of government is called centralization and covers decentralization." Chamber's Twentieth Century Dictionary defines: "Decentralization is the process of transferring the functions a central government to the local."  M.P. Sharma defines: " The fewer subordinate centers decision on organization has the more centralization there would be." Dwight Waldo opines: "In centralized administration, the co-ordination is at top with resulting delays, jealousies and jurisdictional disputes. In decentralized administration, the aim is to create a whole purpose, personalities and instrumentalists which is greater than the sum of the various constituent elements." Cheema and Rodinelli define: "Decentralization refers to transfer of ...
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